Utilizing Qr Code Technology for Emr.

Utilizing QR rule applied science In encryption long-suffering stocky arguing 2012 Utilizing QR Code Technology In encryption longanimous compact heel Fatima Alsaleh and Samir Elmasri PhD College of Computer and Information trunks, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Abstract In situations corresponding indispensability, where the immediately gained, summarized and finished teaching may radically make the leaving among life and death, the use up for a settlement that fulfills this requirement arises. spot of solutions was previously proposed including emergency brain and spite fluffs, but each has get of cons and pros.With the rapid adoption of voguishphones, QR mandates (Quick answer) is the ideal substitute for the current circumstances. It feces be good read by the paramedics, whether they argon wellness check checkup professionals or bystanders and stand immediate, dead-on(prenominal), authoritative entropy that radically impact an case-by-cas es life, in case of emergency. This physical composition discusses the advantageous utilization of the QR decree and wise(p)phone revolutionary technology in the health check field. It also discusses other enforces of QR cipher, in almost related fields where it fuel be beneficial the about. scallywag 1 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding tolerant succinct dip 2012 Introduction Accidents happen all the age all around the world. A continuous form by the governments and non-profit associations has been elegant to propose and impose policies and procedures that beat out diminish the number of misfortunes and mince their tragic consequences. On the other give way, an increasing number of researches and tested ruleologies father got been conducted in the past few years, specifically in the field of emergency, to best bidding the damages.The main focus was to summaries the most authoritative and censorious health check examination teaching about an in dividual in an in a portable substance and ensure a affectionate retrieval of these data in a secure manner. The earliest attempt to compliance with the quick, secure and summarized access to an individuals hypercritical medical study was by using emergency cards. or so health providers companies provide their patient roles with an emergency card that has some selective information extracted from the patient abstract describe. This card has saved lives as its the guide that could help the for the premier(prenominal) time aiders or emergency staff to act accurately in a incidentally manner.The means, however, evolved over years to cope with the technology revolution and benefit the most of it. Encoding the patients EMR in irreverent card is a methodology that has been speedily fol patheticed by m whatsoever EMR companies and health c atomic number 18 providers. A part of the medical accede of any patient is a synopsis h grey upn as a uncomplaining drumhead List or Problem abridgment List. This newspaper proposes a method that could benefit from the two aforementioned important concepts. The method introduces the use of the Quick Response (QR) technology in the patients compulsion card.Related Work Some health providers provide their patients with an Emergency shake that usually has the springy medical information that could make the difference of opinion between life and death, usually ben as Patient summary contestation (part of the Electronic medical exam take down). The list should include the patients ID, medical history of Arthritis, Hypertension, Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Disease, etc. any operative and invasive procedure, any adverse and allergic drug reaction, present medications 12. The natural medium to get down the patients medical information is the papers.Even though papers take over advantages of cosmos little in be, for sale and portable, problems raised referable to the decentralized nature of the paper-based me dical criminal records, difficulties rogue 2 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient abstract List 2012 in data storage and retrieval, threat of being damaged or lost, etc. Consequently, the concept of Electronic Medical Record has been introduced to overcome these issues. Examples of early electronic trunks include Computer-stored Ambulatory Record (COSTAR), wellness Evaluation through Logical Processing (HELP), and Multiphase health test System (MHTS) 3.Smart Card is the perfect media that net be utilise as a health card due to its small size, secure, capability of digitizing a Brobdingnagian amount of personal and medical data 4. Some attempts have been done by researchers to develop a personal portable healthc atomic number 18 record intellectual cards and a corresponding framework to modify nutriment and transfer of patient records 9. Researchers in the U. K. have created MyCare, a anguish card with a fold-out USB plug that abide hold a patients medical history. MyCare was developed with open source that enables it to run on different computers and operating dusts.Data is protected through PINs and encryption, with a higher take aim of encryption planned for further stages in the development process 56. These able card projects work better in countries with nationalized health care. In the US For example, competition among hospitals is a barrier to a voguish card remains 5. Smart card technology was not widely mobilize due to lack of regulations (Dash, 2001) the communications between a smart card and smart card lector. The cards also need to be updated constantly which would be hard to enforce 10.For smart cards, user mobility is only possible if all(prenominal) machine that the user access has a smart card reader attached. The machine must support the same standard smart card reader interfaces or use the same proprietary smart card reader 11. Research Statement Due to the barriers of smart cards usage including, the h igh cost value, the unnecessary imposed security and the need for a special(prenominal) card reader, the smart emergency card solution may not be the best solution. The proposed method is the use of Quick Response (QR) cyphers to hold the patients critical medical information.The solution overcomes the expense, unavailability and communication issues of the smart card, by the fact that QR is inexpensive technology that doesnt need a special reader, it needs package that could be installed freely on any smart phone. This ensures the quick further accurate and responsive aid provided to unresponsive individual in case of emergency. The solution should also be used as a reporting tool. It can be embedded into a smart phone performance developed to be used for reporting accidents. This may overcome the issues of rogue 3Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 reporting accidents by using the QR technology as an accurate, unique and prompt reporting tool. Background Quick Response (QR) codes are type of two dimensional barcodes. Its a technique that was first invented by Denso-Wave, a subsidiary of Toyota Group that was firstly designed to track the vehicles move manufacturing process, and since then it has grown rapidly. In Recent years it has been apply to work as a marketing tool to advertise for products, sites, brands, etc.Fig1 QR codes structure 16 QR Code can store up to 7089 numeric characters, 4296 alphanumeric characters or 2953 bytes (8-bit binary). They are capable of storing different types of data text, vCards, pictures, URLs, Videos, etc. The stored data is extracted in a readable form through QR readers that are usually smartphone software, or pay QR reading devices. Number of QR code electronic scanner applications is available for Apple, BlackBerry and mechanical man smartphones, mostly for free. Once installed, it uses the phones embedded camera to scan the code and trace it instantly. pageboy 4Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 Proposed Solution The idea behind this paper is rattling idle to grasp. The aim is to have a mechanism that provide the first aiders to know what needed to be known, at the practiced time, with the easiest possible means. For unresponsive person, or in case if an individual was unable to speak and give vital information, it is important to have some sort of easy to get yet authenticated and accurate medical summary that can be available at anytime, anywhere. In some cases, it makes the difference between life and death.Patient Summary List The more we know the better we act and response. In medicine, to know the patients historical and current medical condition is as much important as the action to be taken on the case. Delaying a treatment or prescribing a wrong medication or one that conflicts with the patients medical condition could be dangerous and might end up deadly. From this point, the brilliance of the Patient Sum mary List arises. The Patient Summary List is a summarized accessible list of the patients significant medical information.The summary should contain as much information as possible to assist medics and other first responders in case of emergency. The information may include the future(a) categories, though, some entries might be optional. Each entry has to be timestamped 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Patients information age, sex, marital status, weight, height and blood type. Hospital-related information name, ID, address, phone number, medical record, hospitals name. Emergency contacts. Allergies/ uncomely Allergic Drug Reactions.Significant medical diagnoses and conditions Cancer, Diabetes, spicy Blood Pressure, Heart Disease, Angina, Pacemaker, Stroke, Circulation Problem, Arthritis, morbific disease (TB/Hepatitis/MRSA), Osteoporosis / osteopenia, Lung problems, Seizures, Polio / post-polio, Urinary incontinence, Depression, HIV positive, Pregnancy condition, Wearing mop up Lenses, Smoke r or not. 6. Significant surgical/invasive procedures. Page 5 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 7. 8. Medication/Vitamins/Supplements names, doses, frequency and rout for each.Education Language spoken, Barriers to learning (blind/deaf/etc) 12. Medical Records are created by the medical institutes for every individual assessed or treated. Consequently, the Patients Summary List should be derived from the patients Medical Record. The Summary List must be prepared by the Hospital of which the patient is having his treatment to ensure the legibility, completeness and enfranchisement 13. Its also important to have the list updated whenever in that respect is a convert in medication, diagnose or allergies and also whenever a procedure is performed.Why QR Codes? Some medical institutes tend to provide their patients with a Summary List printed on a paper (or card) or coded in a smart card. two ways have number of cons and pros. The usage of printed Su mmary List in a paper is condition of damage. Especially ICE (In Case of Emergency), it can easily burn, get wet or shredded into pieces and loss its value. The use of cards might be a safer choice, but its impossible to have it small enough to fit in someones wallet and yet have it containing all needed information about the persons medical condition.The use of smart cards on the other hand, might be the best solution comparing with the other available means since they are safer, have a larger capacity, easily to carry along and can be unploughed up t date without the need to issue new ones. However, they need special readers to read them that are usually unavailable for the first aiders ICE. Besides, smart cards are costly to issue and maintain. QR codes quickness, availability, widely spread and low cost might lead it to be a very good enough choice to encode the Patients Summary List.It overcomes the issues encountered in other means, and they can be utilized to serve other pu rposes that will be discussed later in this paper. With the advantages of the QR codes usage has been examined and assessed, we are ready to discuss the proposed procedure and a suggested standard ? The list should be captured and stored in a standard encryption system to support data sharing, analysis and provide a more possible and accurate way Page 6 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 o retrieve the call for information. The standard of the Summary List has to be proposed and admitted by the Ministry of Health. ? Administration and maintenance of the Summary List is important. Healthcare providers are responsible of proceeds a Summary List of each patients EMR. They are also responsible for encoding it in a QR code. ? ? The issued QR codes should be printed on wallet-sized cards and submitted to patients. The QR card should be on the medical card (printed right on the back of the card on printed on a sticker on the same card).The medical card ( with QR code at back of it) has to be kept right next to the driving license in someones wallet. This is critical to have the first responders make use of this method. ? The Summary List has to be updated by the issuer upon any significant alteration in the patients medications or health condition. Further, if the patient was examined by a hospital other that the one issuing the code, its the responsibility of the patient to update the QR code with the new medical information according to the hospitals report. People have to be educated by ventilation the QR concept and the role its commanding in rescuing individuals ICE. The paramedics (emergency staff) on the other hand have to have the dedicated QR code readers or having the scanning software installed on their smartphones. Having these standards stated out, the QR code usage can be efficiently utilized and beneficial. If individuals were educated and aware about saving someones life using the proposed method, the number of e rrors that might be encountered will decrease rapidly.In contrary with the other possible means, QR codes do not require a special reader or password authentication or a computer to be read, which make them accessible whenever needed. In addition, bar codes are proven technology that can be used in health care, where little room for error exists. Page 7 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 Possible Scenario The following scenario is summarized in Fig 4 below, a possible QR utilization scenario 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. An accident happens to an individual carrying a QR code card.The first responder (emergency professional or bystander) check the infected persons wallet and find the QR code. The code is scanned by the rescuers Smartphones QR reader. The summary list with all significant medical information is breaked. The rescuer provides the first aids according to the infected persons medical status, whether he/she has a Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Heart Dis ease, etc, and call the emergency. 6. The emergency professionals should take the proper, most accurate action based on the extracted medical status. This can make the difference between life and death.Other actions can also be taken by the rescuer like for example sending the QR code through a Smartphones software (detailed in Other Medical-Related QR Uses section below). Fig2 QR code workflow in case of emergency Page 8 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 QR Coded Patient Summary List Update As stated above, the providers should update the patients summary list whenever there is a change in diagnosis, medications, or allergies to medications and whenever a procedure is performed. The Patient Summary List is derived from the patients Electronic Medical/Health Record 17.The summary list contains specific attributes extracted from the medical record. Having these attributes labeled in the electronic medical record will ease the process of extracting an d modify the Patient Summary List attributes values. So, the system should institution an update on the patients list whenever a change in the labeled attributes. Fig3 QR code workflow in case of emergency 17 How to Update QR Codes? There are two main types of QR codes silent and dynamic. atmospheric static QR codes meanings are static, cannot be edited or updated, whereas the dynamic QR codes content can be easily updated.Also, unlike the static QR codes, it does not require generating new QR code. The exact printed QR can be used that leads to the updated contents. When the QR codes are used to encode the Patient Summary List, a haunt content update will be needed. Accordingly three main QR forms are proposed Page 9 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 1. Using a static QR codes with a static summary list that needs to be re-printer upon each record change. In this case, the provider may print the codes on stickers and remove the old ones once t he new ones are issued.This might be more cost effective than re-printing the patient card with the new QR code on the back. 2. sooner of having QR codes printed out, a soft copy of the QR code can be generated and annoyed into an individuals brisk. This is also effective in cost-wise, but it might be not so practical in case of an emergency. The rescuer may not be able to locate the QR code image in the mobile of an unconscious person, or the mobile is locked with a pin or its out of battery, etc. Though it is easy to maintain and saves the cost of reissue the code upon a record change. . Using the dynamic QR codes that have a dynamic content with an editable, editable content using the same printed code. Further, some QR code generator companies (like SQUARE) provide a track service and statics of how many devices scanned the code, where, scanner device type, etc. Having this concept applied on the medical health field considered very practical. In view thereof, dynamic QR cod es are the best utilization due its cost saving, efficiency and easy to maintain. However, since this kind of codes requires a wireless connection, it might be limited.Though, its not a huge barrier in todays networked world. Fig4 QR Update initiate scenario. Page 10 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 Updating QR code procedure Each step in the above scenario figure (Fig 4) is described as follows A patient visits the hospital (1), and a change in one of the stated record attributes (2) (change in diagnosis, medications, or allergies to medications and whenever a procedure is performed. ) has been encountered. So the updated patient record should trigger a generation of an updated summary list (3).Accordingly, new updated QR code/QR content has to be issued (4), and a notification sent to the patient with this update. ? ? If the static QR code form is adapted by the hospital, then the notification should instruct the patient to pick up the updated Q R code card/sticker (4. 1). If the soft copied QR code form is adapted, then the notification should instruct the patient to download the in style(p) QR code (either from the hospitals site after the patient login or sent for the patient email) (4. 2). ? If the dynamic QR code form is adapted, then the codes endpoint contents updated upon the new summary list update (4. ). Other Medical-Related QR Uses aside of utilizing the QR codes as an emergency guide for paramedics that provide a reliable, easy to use, quick access to an individuals Medical Summary List, QR codes can be used in other fields as well, as detailed in this section. The QR codes can be used as a reporting tool. By having an Emergency reporting channel other that the unified number, a software application installed on the smartphones, QR can be used as follows ? ? Using the smartphones camera, the QR code of the affected person is scanned through the Emergency software application.The software should display the e ncoded information, and a reporting option should also be available (say, a button). Page 11 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 ? ? ? Upon pressing the button, the software should send the patient information to the emergency department along with the reporting location coordinates. The reporter information may also send (the reporter phone number can be easily gained from the users phone). To capitalize the benefits, the reporting tool can play a complementary role of a clouded EMR system that is make available for the centralized Emergency unit.If this the case then a relate to the QR holders EMR could be also implicitly embedded and can be easily gain access to be the authorized Emergency staff. Having such system will not only provide a fast, accurate and reliable accident reporting tool, but itll also help in minify the redundancy encountered when reporting accidents and emergencies. some other usage of the QR code can be as portable, summari zed EHR. Keeping a personal health record encoded in a QR with you when visiting a doctor that is not necessarily a staff member of the hospital where your Medical Record is kept is very helpful.Itll provide the doctor a sufficient answer when the he asks what medications are you taking? Itll save time, effort and the cost of running lab tests and radio-imaging for checking the accurate medical condition since they are encoded in the QR code, summarized, reliable and up to date. Another use could be on some other direction, by the jurisprudence department. When someone is kept under custody, it would be helpful to avoid unforeseen situations can be experienced with the kept person such as infectious diseases, heart diseases, high blood pressure, etc.Knowing such medical information is as much needful as keeping the person in prison, since it help in saving the lives inside the prison (life of the prisoners) and out (keeping the wrongdoer in custody). Conclusion We may not be abl e to run off the accidents from happening, but we are able and responsible to cut the losses and control their tragic consequences as much as we can. The practical knowledge of the medical workers coupled with the knowledge and expertise of the technology experts and developers can result technology-utilized solutions to everyday.In this Page 12 Utilizing QR Code Technology In Encoding Patient Summary List 2012 respect, solutions were proposed, researches were conducted and regulations were imposed, every day to best achieve this goal. This paper proposes a practical, non-cost affective, timely solution that can best utilize the widely spread technology QR to help saving lives. This solution can be utilized even more to be a complementary tool for the currently function, or proposed, emergency systems. 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