Energy Efficiency Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Energy force Standards - Essay ExampleFor the provision of various services to the population in less-developed countries, electricity is of vital richness and its demand is increasing on regular basis as the throng of these countries continue to improve their brisk standards. This increase is most notable in the non-residential sector. The governments in most of the countries argon highly concerned close to the increasing slide fastener demands. Various courses of action and strategies hold back been devised by the government to limit the cleverness white plague by the buildings. These strategies and policies can be broadly classified into three categories regulatory requirements (e.g. standards and codes), awareness programs (e.g. energy audits, energy saving campaigns on media, information sharing campaigns etc.) and economic incentives (e.g. energy pricing, cost-benefit analysis reports, easy loans, payback mechanisms and taxes prerogative etc.). Very productive and use ful steps are being taken forward regarding the implementation of these programs by the public and private organizations which are also forming associations with each other. Some of the examples include the National Productivity brass in China, Energy Star in the US and the Energy Efficiency Accreditation Scheme in the UK. provided private companies like the Synergy Solutions and the US Green Building Council have initiated a very alone(predicate) and innovative award program for the energy efficient organizations giving new targets to the building industry. The main focalization of the above mentioned schemes is setting standards of energy cleverness in buildings. The standards in practice are of various types depending on the mechanism of their enforcement varying from voluntary initiatives according to some guidelines to obligatory requirements. Experts from various fields and organizations which include people from governmental organizations, corporate sector, construction industry, educational institutions, professional and technical societies have contributed to the formulation and development of these energy efficiency codes and standards. Same is the case with the various energy efficiency techniques and strategies. The most important phase is ontogeny the basic configuration of these codes based on the construction practices as well as the climate of a specific region or a country. After the development of this basic configuration, the codes and standards can be modified and amended accordingly with the development of technology and changing climatic conditions. Implementation of these standards results in a sustainable development in buildings, with increased life and better productivity in terms of service and occupancy. These standards are making the concept of energy efficiency understandable to common individuals by increasing awareness. People at once think about the benefits of energy efficiency while constructing their buildings and thi s trend is also being followed in buildings with doughy renovation projects with an speak to to upgrade the buildings in terms of energy efficiency. Energy standards are revolutionizing the energy efficiency in building industry because they provide a very easy and economically feasible approach to energy conservation but their formulation and implementation is not very easy. Most of the energy standards have been developed for the residential buildings but the detailed standards have not been developed fo

Journalists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Journalists - Essay ExampleHowever, we tush see that some times diarist ar provided with instances which ar unethical and impish. A journalism as a profession has ethics and standards and on that basis we bum see that they have an obligation to protect the redresss and morals of a society. The journalist being responsible for what they express to the bulk they must be allowed not to counterbalance a story they find unethical or resistant. (Thesis) It is noticeable that most of the news content in the media is not suitable to all viewers and are malicious. Violence, abuse and vulgarity have become a common scene of news channels. As a journalist, tidy sum come across many kinds of situation in their professional life. But at times their morality and ethics would not allow them to cover such news. So they should be allowed not to cover such instances. This is about the freedom in work as the journalist must have right to work in his manner in his space. As a professional t hey completely understand what is instances has the voltage for news coverage. The journalist while doing his job also is doing a humanizing process. Journalist brings news from around the earthly concern to us. But sometimes Journalist may be forced to cover instances and events which go against the ethics wish well murdering situations, sexually exploiting instance and inhumane behaviors. The journalist might be unwilling to cover such situations further many be intimidated by the news channels to report it. Such conditions must not exist as it may be an invasion in to their professional conduct. A journalist can be comfortable if he is allowed to do his work in alliance with his ethical and moral perspective. They penury to be given freedom to choose what they opt to cover or omit. Journalists are professional people and they have a code of ethics on which they work. Journalist is always under pressure from mixed sources which would make them work with much less freedom. New s media is also a sort business and sometimes they are forced to cover matter which can be often unethical or distasteful to the journalist. The media channel may want to promote a particular even which may give benefits for them. A journalist should be fair and courageous in covering news and should be given superior to cover or not to cover a story. If they are allowed not to cover unethical and distasteful things then they purport content about their profession. The main issue here is every journalist has a mind of their own while they works on their story. The journalist understand the news converge makes a large impact on the audience and the society or may be world as a whole. The journalist needs to keep in consideration the emotional, ethical, religious and cultural value of people around the world. Sometimes their own religion or culture may prevent them from covering a certain event or happening. So the journalist should be allowed what he might prefer to cover. If he fe els insecure and restricted the journalist might lose the creativity and interest in his work. The journalists can feel that they have no role in his job. Every story covered by a journalist is their freedom of expression. If one cannot express then one cannot be a good journalist. It is also substantial to understand that unethical reports can damage the reputation of the journalist as well as the media. fit to Grynko ( 2012,pg 259 -274)As truth seekers and truth presenters, the journalists must be open and honest with their audiences. Truthiness to the facts he is presenting and covering reports that are ethical and suitable to audience should be in the parameters of the job responsibility and obligation of journalists. The journalist shou

HRMT19020 - Managing Organisational Change Assignment

HRMT19020 - Managing Organisational Change - identification ExampleEmployees resist change because of the comfort they derive from the known and the fear of the unknown that accompanies much(prenominal) change. disquiet on the effects of change on the employees performance, position, relationship with other employees and a number of product line related factors (Hede and Bovey, 2001a). True value food processing comp either through its senior manager has indicated their relish to change the operational mode and the conditions upon employment. According to Chan Baker, the company plans to introduce multi-skilling for its employees especially the non-salaried employees to improve the companys profitability and efficiency. Multi-skilling is the development of a single employee by training him/her on different argonas of operations at heart an organization. An organization that adopts multi-skilling practice gives preference to employees who have a wide range of skills or knowledge that hind end enable them work in different. Multi-skilled employees are a big asset to an organization as they sum up productivity, efficiency and innovation in an organization. This approach also reduces the need for the organization to employee more people, which is cost ineffective, and largely unproductive (Hede and Bovey, 2001b). ... The section managers in the organisation are also expected to show some take of resistance to the plans of the senior manager. This report highlights some of the approaches that Mr Baker flush toilet adopt to ensure that he counters such cases of resistance adequately without interfering with the operations of the processor. It finally provides detailed consultancy advice on how best Mr Baker mountain manage this important organisational initiative and reaps great results from the changes. Each approach provided pull up stakes be explained using pertinent examples, which can be safely applied to the situation at hand. Background informati on and case pick up Implementing this program at true value food processing company will obviously open resistance from s number of employees. Such resistance to this kind of change will retard any progress towards implementing this policy. As a custom across many countries and economies across the world, employees focus in unrivaled area of expertise and perfect their skills in such areas. It is rare to find a graduate who can operate a bakery, make the dough and be able to service the machines at the same time. Multi-skilled employees are however required to be able to address different tasks as need may approach even those that outside their professions. Employees who are already working with true value processing plant will therefore resist any attempt to employ others who are considered as multi-skilled. This is because most of them fear they may lose their positions because of redundancy in the organization. Multi-skilled employees increase the levels of redundancy and th ey can be used as a viable reason to lay off some members of the

Strategic Sourcing - Assignmet Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Sourcing - Assignmet - Case Study subjectA quality analyst should have a high level of training and have majestic analytical abilities along with broad knowledge. He should also be creative and be a pronto learner in order to solve problems easily.The quality analyst is always supposed to work with another(prenominal) people as an analysis of the process of production entails an analysis of the people involved along with the technology. The applicator should display that he has an ability to cooperate and interrelate with other employees efficiently.This question aims to understand whether the candidate has the essential skills that are needed to report and make effective presentations that associated with the position through and through vocal or write communication.The candidate should be able to demonstrate that he can make effective presentations of problems and proposed means of dealing with them. He should also show that he can freely interact with the rest of the employees and clients with exceptional oral and written skillsThe candidate should broadly explain how he would be able to efficiently use his skills and stupefy if he is selected for the job. He should demonstrate his motivation, abilities to deal with challenges and be flexible in handling challenging situations.The elevated candidate should possess a bachelors degree in quality control a related field so that he can demonstrate competency with essential skills that provide a wide range of knowledge for success as a professional.The candidate should be able to demonstrate that he possesses exceptional analytical skills that are needed to perform the tasks associated with the position efficiently. He must also show an ability to rely on his skills in the various responsibilities associated with the position.The ideal candidate should be 1 that is willing to learn from his mistakes and one who regularly seeks to get more knowledge on his field through seminars and workshop s as well as other forms

The relationship between entrepreneurial venture financing and the Term Paper

The relationship between enterpriserial endanger financing and the aliveness cycle of a venture - Term Paper ExampleIn the final make ups i.e. at the maturity stage the crinklees make use of more traditional sources like issue of additional equity or internally generated funds for financing the expansionary programs. Introduction The word life cycle in the context of ventures is use in reference to the various stages of its evolution. The initial stages begin with the commencement of the new venture in the get of efforts and intentions of the nascent organization. This stage is accompanied by the procurement of requisite non-financial and financial resources. Here it is important to shine up that finance forms the backbone of every venture. Even the most successful affair plans may not in the end be carried out in the event of fund shortage. However, the level and form of financing occupyd for all(prenominal) stage of the stock is different. In the initial stages when th e entrepreneur has just chalked out the plan for the initiation of the venture some amount of funds are required for assessing the viability and financial feasibility of the proposed venture. This is a part of the advance(prenominal) stage financing required by the business. The fund that puts the business in operational mode is referred to as start up capital. The next stage of financing is for meeting the development or expansionary demand of the business (Parker, 2006, p.1). Problem Statement- The venture life cycle has an impact on the financing pattern of the business venture. In this wallpaper it will be shown how the financing needs of the business is aligned with the various stages much(prenominal) that the entrepreneur can maximise the value of the business venture. Importance of paper- The paper shows that the various stages of business require varying sources of financing. While in the initial stages it may not be possible for a freshly formed business to seek for ou tside equity or lending. In such instances the entrepreneur of the business has to arrange for funds from internal or known sources like family or friends. Again after this the business reaches the development and the growth stage. During these stages the business can seek for external sources like equity capital or venture funds. At the same time it can tap the banks and financial institutions for loans and overdraft facilities. At the maturity stage the business may not have to rely on outside sources as the retained internet generated over the years can be used for financing the future growth and expansionary plans of the business. This paper mannish highlights the importance and the use of various avenues of funds at the various business stages. This can give an entrepreneur an idea as to how to meet the livelihood requirements or which sources to be tapped at each stage of the business. Hypotheses- This paper assumes that the sources of funds to be employed in the various st ages of the business also vary as per the energy and longevity of each stage. Methodology The paper is based on the secondary sources of data. To highlight the various types of funding requireme

The western Way of War2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The western Way of War2 - Essay ExampleThe technologies they apply were adopted from the eastern countries. Hence most of the technologies were not western innovations. Any new inventions were followed by some all the other countries. Western countries were not ready to accept and follow the new technology. (Geoffrey 2005). They remained hesitant to audition any sort of technology. Technology was not the only criteria that decide the success of state of war. Instead other factors worry economic power and war plans were the important aspect that decides the wars success.The next principle of Western way of war was to maintain proper discipline among the soldiers in the phalanx. Discipline was given more swelling than religion. The soldiers were trained to co-operate and work as a team. The military was formed with the people who resided in the same area(book). The leadership for such military teams were the leaders from their area. During the sixteenth century rally were carr ied out to recruit people for the military. In countries like Greece the normal people like farmers were also a part of the military regimen. Though army people were more disciplined, it was not secured. Technology and discipline alone did not decide the fate of the war. The war had to possess a vision which helped them to fight against their enemy. Religious constraints were not the deciding factor and it did not intermeddle in the success of the war. Success was decided only when the enemy was totally defeated. (Geoffrey 2005).This was not practiced in the other countries. The main aims of this war were to collect people who were used as slaves. These slaves were used to procure goods from the take hold and to assist them in other local work.Most of the countries relied on discipline and technological aspects. Western countries differed from them in this principle. They had the ability to change and preserve the practices they have followed. Countries in the West had the power t o adapt to these changes. This

Prostitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Prostitution - Essay ExampleThe organization gives the f bends on prostitution that are all in favor of my line of descent. One of the missions and the major aim for the organization is on the protection of the children from trafficking for inner exploitation in the name of prostitution. This is child defilement and the organization is strongly active and advocates so overmuch on this kind of prostitution (Ronald 2012).It is quite principal(prenominal) to highlight a con side of my argument by saying that prostitution is a perceived to be a victimless crime. This is so as it develops spoiled sexual scenes where the human rights are violated and the people are obliged to engage in heterogeneous sexual behaviors that are not healthy. With an argument that they receive money in the name of prostitution, they have to take for on their own consent an not admitting because of the pressure that they receive from the people they call their customers. It is to a fault important to hig hlight that a research that was conducted by the International Labor Organization (ILO) found out that bulk of the prostitutes are women and that they involve themselves in the act with the view of getting income. It is therefore considered to be an evil act in the society as it does not pass good morals to the society (Ronald 2011).Another severeness consequence and repercussion of the act is the case whereby the prostitutes go for the HIV/AIDS testing nearly either week and the results of the test turn out to be negative. This can be so for about one-third months and in the long run the person infects a large number of people before world found negative. This is a wrong implication of prostitution and the adverse effects of the disease are also known. It affects the economy, society and the political climate too (Sheila 2009).Based on my reasoning of the negatives of the act, it is therefore quite observable that the act does not help our economy in the right way. This is so as

The entrepreneurship affect on the economy Essay

The entrepreneurship affect on the economy - Essay ExampleThis paper discusses the effect of entrepreneurship on economic development. Background of Entrepreneurship An entrepreneur was described by Jean-Baptiste Say, a 19th century French economist, as an individual who moves economic resources from low productivity and yield argonas to areas with increased yield and productivity (Bridge et al, 2009). Joseph Schumpeter expounded on this sentiment a century later by identifying the force needed to drive progress of the economy in entrepreneurs. In the absence of this force inherent in entrepreneurs, economies would become subject to decay, structurally immobilized, and static. The entrepreneurial feeling identifies an opportunity, be it a business, service, or product, and organizes a venture for its implementation. Schumpeter argued that successful entrepreneurship sets off a chain of events that encourages another(prenominal) entrepreneurs to work on innovation and propagate it to creative destruction, which involves rendering of existing business models, run and products obsolete in favor of the innovation (World bank, 2011). Schumpeter cast the entrepreneur as both a productive and disruptive force (Steyaert & Hjorth, 2009). He cast the entrepreneur as an agent of economic change. ... However, theorists agree that entrepreneurship is level(p) to opportunity. Entrepreneurship plays a vital responsibility in the economic development of a country since the entrepreneur is the base m over of innovation (Zhang, 2009). The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development Entrepreneurship plays various roles in the development of a countrys economy. First, it allows for the effective use of resources (Audretsch et al, 2012). Entrepreneurship involves making use of resources considered to be, of low value, to earn an income. Entrepreneurs conceive ideas of how to implement what others consider waste. This creates jobs and increases taxes, which, in turn, imp roves the beneficiaries standard of living. Since the measure of economic growth is an increase in income that is sustained over time, entrepreneurs increase the per capita income via identification and establishment of profitable ventures. Entrepreneurship also leads to development of infrastructural facilities such as factories, buildings, bridges, roads, and communication networks (Audretsch, 2010). These are the vital components of economic growth. When Steve Jobs and Wozniak came up with the PC, they created a on the whole new variant of information processing system infrastructure. They shattered the computer users mainframe dependence and shifted control to the desktop. Once the users saw the new technology, they embraced Apple, as wholesome as the other competitors who also joined in. In a relatively short time, Steve Jobs had created a completely new ecosystem with numerous software, hardware and peripheral suppliers. Because of the new ecosystem, Apple might have exited the market afterward a couple of years without causing any destabilization. The new equilibrium was not dependent on the formation of one

Tabloid, Celebrity Internet Assignment Research Paper

Tabloid, Celebrity Internet Assignment - Research Paper congressmanHe suggested four categories for the purveyors of news, namely elite, prestige, popular, and tag end (Sparks and Tulloch, 2000, 292). It follows a hierarchical carve upification where the best is the elite and the lozenge - at the bottom rung - is typified by poor quality in terms of structure and content. The differences record a reverse progression of content standards - from objective stories that are factual and substantial, the additional use of images, the dialect on drama, action, entertainment, simplicity and immediacy, to the pure sensationalized content that focus on s reardals, celebrity and crime. It is interesting to note that Paletz, identify TV shows such as American Journal, A Current Affair, Hard Copy and Inside random variable in addition to supermarket tabloids in the category of tabloid news (Sparks and Tulloch, 293). Rainwater supported this stratified characteristics when he explained the h ierarchy and characteristics of taste and cultures are similar to the hierarchy and characteristics of the U.S. class structure, pointing out that the taste that a person develops can largely depend on his or her class phone lines, particularly the quality of education. The idea is that tabloid media must cater to the low taste culture of a segment of the population that are not exposed to higher cultural origin - those that prefer greater literalness and the emphasis on action, as erect in adventure stories, melodrama and violent sports (Rainwater, 2009, 356). Rainwater stressed that taste culture often express the class concerns of their public (356). This aspect highlights the cultural and social dimension to tabloid programming. The public reception to the Bonnie and Clyde mental picture demonstrate this position. It was positively received by the audience across various class groupings. But the preference came from diverging perspectives. The elite saw the material as a cr itique to the American society whereas land class public saw it as a crime thriller, one that shocks and entertains. A comparison to write up or historical documentary/narrative is an excellent approach to highlight the nature of tabloid media. agree to Glynn (2000), history depicts the current regime as the inevitable expression of an unbroken continuity rooted in human nature and a presumptively teleological social evolution (138). The opposing approach is identify as genealogy, which focuses on discontinuity into our very being in an attempt to explore possibilities of the past and the future. As Glynn pointed out, the origin of tabloid media is aligned with its modalities since genealogy is all about depicting history in the form of a concerted carnival (138). What makes it appealing is the fact that it supposedly provokes laughter and entertainment as opposed to the abstinence and solemnity of pure truth. These points of view highlight the perception that tabloid media publ ic tends to be drawn to wild materials that show extremely distorted truth in order to satisfy a thirst for entertainment. Also, media nowadays - through technological advancement - has become a public forum where producers of content sets the stage and the millions of spectators can access or watch at the same time, regardless of geographical distance and time. There are authors who consider the media and the entertainment industry as a battleground wherein important messages, images, issues and constructs

Evaluative Review Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluative Review Assignment - Essay ExampleRecommendations Organize with pargonnts to address ways to mark if their child has destructive tendencies According to Jimerson and Furlong (2006), this is a better way of dealing with a students aggressive demeanour. P arnts argon better positioned to evaluate their children mannerisms and take the necessary measures. Education about the signs of this behavior give assist parents in taming their misdemeanor. Application of this will streamline a students morals and methods of associating with others. Parents are occasionally determinants of a childs character development. Therefore, their children are more likely to take perplexity of their advice. metallic element Detectors According to Jimerson and Furlong (2006), the employment of a metal detector in searches is highly advisable. It is in the enliven of all students that this practice is approved. Some students who have malicious intentions towards the teaching staff or fellow comr ades are capable of carrying weapons to this effect. However, psyches who do it should not abuse this activity. This measure will definitely discourage students from transporting harmful objects to schools. Metal detectors have proven effective in sectors such as airports and highly guarded government institutions. It has decrease potential threats such as terrorism and smuggling. Follow the law The law is a guideline of limitations and freedoms we should exercise. Teachers are to exercise acceptable disciplining methods of students who have behavioral cases (Conoley and Goldstein 2004). Disciplinary punishment should be implemented to the extent instructed by law. Excessive use of force in disciplinary cases often initiates some violent and rude behaviors from students. This laughingstock have extensive consequences as the student can resort to unconventional ways of coming even. Conoley overly suggests that statistically, in many cases students win legal cases concerning disci pline and the institution suffers the embarrassment. Teachers should be more cautious on this issue. Training School Staff The schools staff both administrative and non-administrative is instrumental in ensuring proper precaution precautions are adhered to (Conoley and Goldstein, 2004).Violence is impartial and occurs randomly in view of the supposition that it is intricate to determine a persons intentions. Students have developed clever ways to conceal their intentions. Therefore, the staff including teachers, train guards and drivers should focus on violence prevention. The staff should be trained to take steps promptly when violence occurs. This will servicing them mitigate the adverse effects that associate to this vice. They should also be trained to detect destructive behavior in the initial stages thus enabling them prevents unavoidable that was to happen. According to Daniels and Bradley (2011), ignorance of the staff of growing tensions between students is what leads to the aquilegia High school riot. Violent incidences were ignored based on the perpetrators social status in the institution. This allowed the touristy and senior students assault their fellow junior scholars uncontrollably. The intimidated students collective anger light-emitting diode to the rampage. The staff was vindicated on their negligence of the spiteful activities that were occurring in that institution. Establishment of Good Trust alliance with Students According to Daniels and Bradley (2011), most of the students who partake in these acts have

What is the American Dream and is it still alive today Essay

What is the American Dream and is it distillery alive today - Essay ExampleWhat is the American dream and is it still alive today screen examines the American dream with a focus on whether race have abandoned the dream to lease their personal self-interests. If the American dream is still present and alive, does it still hold for all Americans? This is the question that importunate followers of the American philosophy want conclusive answers. Currently, the question that lingers in the minds of most American citizens is whether they argon still able to achieve this dream. Due to the American dream essay, America is a terra firma that prides in economic mobility where chances for equal opportunities for success are possible, but, whether every single individual can succeed be an unsolved puzzle. The hurting reality is that inasmuch as statistics show that 84% of people out-earn their parents and that the poorest Americans are better come to than they used to, its still not eas y to move from one social class to another. The sizeable people do all they can to consolidate their riches while the poor remains in their class. Class mobility is not very much easy in America compared to its neighbor Canada and another country like Britain. It is projected that an increase in ones income may not necessarily incite a shift in class since the gap between the rich and the poor is too wide. eventide though movement across one class seems hard, there is one solution that has been seen to enable people move up their social class.

I Just Wanna be Average by Mike Rose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

I honest Wanna be Average by Mike Rose - Essay ExampleAccording to Rose, how does coming from a working class background shape ones identity? Mike Rose had come from a working-class family which had sacrificed a lot to enable their son to join a Catholic school in expectation of compound instruction. However, Rose was put in the vocational education by mistake and his parents also could do goose egg about it since they had no idea about the standardized education system of America. According to Rose, if a chela belongs to the working class in a vocational education, he is treated in a quiet manner. In other words, he is considered slow by the school, he is given a curriculum which doesnt liberate rather restrains him from gaining knowledge and even if some training is provided it is always below the esteem level of the society (Rose, 1989). 3. According to Rose, how do students act amount? Students who are unable to cope up with the vocation education system often defend thems elves by acting mean(a). ...These vocational schools trigger them to act average because instead of giving them a better education to rectify their disabilities, they provide them a below average education from under-qualified teachers (Rose, 1989). 4. What does Rose mean by students will float to the mark you set? By saying students will float to the mark, Rose wants to imply that the status a teacher carries for the student, the same attitude will be replicated by the students. In other words, if a teacher does not put any goal in teaching the students a lesson, the students will also not put any endeavor in comprehending it. For instance, a teacher who is tedious and delusional and exerts only verbal power cannot teach anything to his students and as a result, the students will also not show any interest and effort towards learning. Higher the willingness and bore of teaching of the teacher, higher will be the degree of an outcome of the students (Rose, 1989). 5. What does Jack MacFarland offer Rose that eventually helps him learn? MacFarland saw great potential in Rose and swayed him to pursue a college education. It was under the tuition of MacFarland that Rose developed the passion for learning, reading, and writing. The influence of MacFarland helped Rose recognize his true inner self and what he wanted to be. Owing to hard work and the complete support of MacFarland, Rose was finally able to visualize college (Rose, 1989). 6. Can you, as a former high school student, relate to any parts of this hold? Explain. As a former high school student, I can definitely relate to the hardships that these working-class students or those with learning disabilities have to go through.

The case of Radmacher v Granatino Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The case of Radmacher v Granatino - Essay ExampleCenter of discussion in this makeup is the case of Radmacher v Granatino that has drawn much attention because the High Court will be in the end deciding how much weight it would place on the pre/ante-nuptial agreement in the bea of financial embossment during divorce. Pre-nuptial or ante-nuptial arrangement is typically sought by rich families, as in the case of Radmacher at one term Granatino v Granatino, to protect and preserve the assets of the wealthy party from a claim during divorce. The terms are typically spelled out on how their assets be divided or waiver of claim through a create verbally agreement. Pre-nuptial or ante nuptial however is traditionally viewed by English law as non-binding because it is cussed to public policy. English Courts however have discretion to how to treat ante-nuptial agreements, on what weight should be put on them and has the power to veer away from what was agreed on the ante-nuptial ar rangement. This is especially so when there are children borne out of a long marriage. There are alike other circumstances when the Courts could reinterpret or set aside the ante-nuptial agreement from its original arrangement in cases where there is an indication of duress on the weaker party to agree, may cause unfairness to one party, non full disclosure of assets, or where the parties involved was not able to get independent counsel on the various implications of the ante-nuptial arrangement before entering into the agreement.... The preserve was a French national and the married woman is a German national. The ante-nuptial agreement was signed three months before the marriage under German jurisdiction and specified that each party will keep their assets and that the other party will make no claim against the assets of the other in the event of a divorce. The wife had considerable wealth and inheritance before the marriage while the economize was a banker at the time the ag reement was signed. The husband did not have an independent counsel about the implication of the ante-nuptial agreement. The agreement also contained no provision in the event that their marriage will have children. They were married in capital of the United Kingdom in 1998. After eight years of marriage, the appellant and the respondent separated. Their marriage produced two daughters. During the dissolution of their marriage, the husband embarked on a research studies and had left his job as a banker and applied to the court for financial relief. The High Court then decided to grant him over ?5.5m which would enable him to have an annual income of ?100,000 for life. He was allowed to have a home in England so that his children could visit him. The wife appealed to the Court of Appeals where it was decided in favour of her to give weight to the ante-nuptial agreement where the financial relief should only be limited on the provision of him being a father and not for his own need. T he husband then appealed to the Supreme Court. finale Traditionally, English Courts do not put considerable weight to agreements between individuals who were getting married or already married4 (post-nuptial agreement) that specifies the contingency or terms of their separation on the grounds that this may encourage them to separate5. Such,

Economic Miracle in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Economic Miracle in Japan - Essay ExampleAlthough by definition, a miracle is inexplicable, the basic cause behind Japans economic success can perhaps be explained in elementary terms the indomitable desire of the Japanese people to grow, their deeply persistent will to succeed at any cost. Between 1945 and 1970, the Japanese economy sustained an unprecedented annual growth rate of most ten percent on medium (Kosai). But this in itself would seem like a small-scale detail in comparison to the stupendous driving ferocity that compelled the Japanese people to race towards expert excellence and economic supremacy, most notably during 1960s. In the second-half of 1960s Japan reached a poster of economic progress, with an average of nearly 12% real annual growth rate. And for nearly 40 years surrounding this peak period, the country and its people subordinated all other goals in order to single-mindedly pursue their ambition of espial up with the U.S. economy (Crawford). In fact, their ambition knew no bounds the aggressive strain so characteristic of Japanese men, which was employed for the purposes of destruction during the War, was rechannelled into more positive and constructive directions during the years of the economic boom. Consequently, Japan thrived, and scour today, as well as for geneartions to come, represents a legendary story of success, an inspiration and exemplar for scores of create nations in Asia and elsewhere. In fact, Japan should become an inspiration to itself. If this nation could pull it off once - this alleged(prenominal) economic miracle - it can pull it off again. All it needs is a push While helping associated with Japans days of glory may be at sharp variance from those of today, and while many of its aside economic policies stand discredited today, and its culture too is changing fast - deep down, the liven up of this quaint nation remains as powerfully vital as ever. Above all, miracles have to do with spirit - of whic h Japan perhaps does not need too much before it again becomes a force to be reckoned with.Factors contributing to Japans High Growth Rate Although Japans spectacular economic growth culminating towards the end of 1960s may initially give the impression of not being subject to rational analysis, in the same port as a painting of supreme artisitry or as a deeply touching acid haiku, it too is as much a cause-and-effect phenomenon as any other groundly matter. Japan is the purest guinea pig of what has become known as a producer economic state. But what lies behind this countrys remarkable and best productivity levelsAdvances in cognition, for one thing. Japans economic success was achieved to a great extent on the background of a superior technological know-how. The Japanese had the intellectual capacity to soak in vast amounts of knowledge necessary to stay at par with any other nation in our modern techonology-dominated world - and they put their intellects at the service of technology with a vengeance. They not only were able to ingeniously guide the latest technologies, they actually adapted it to their own needs, and were moreover setting a number of innovative trends in a wide variety of technology-intensive industries. But even more than the share of knowledge, at least

Bahrains Uprising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bahrains Uprising - Essay ExampleSeveral years have seen discontent on the rise among the people as well as growing demands for independence of speech, independence of the judicial system, the release of political prisoners, and a new constitution. The source of discontent is clear at the beginning of the Bahraini uprising at the period of Arab spring, but the mode of propagation of the discontent could be debated from different viewpoints with major contention focusing on whether social media had a significant impact in the Bahraini uprising (Wehrey, 2013). Howard and Hussain (2011) addressed the issue of social media in the uprising giving a numeral of opinions while Wehrey (2013) gives his views on the Pearl Roundabout uprising in his 2013 article titled Bahrains disco biscuit of Discontent. Howard and Hassan (2011) are of the opinion that digital media is what helped in turning community-specific, localized and individualized dissent from its master key setting into movement s that were designed for divided grievances and which provided an opportunity for action. Wehrey (2013), on the other hand, purports that while digital activists in the center East are to be credited with some accomplishments like documenting police brutality, the underlying social, religious, political, and historical aspects engrained in the uprising far outweigh the impact of social media in sparking the protests. The viewpoints regarding the impact of social media in the Bahraini Uprising may differ, but certainly, common ground exists based on the shared passion for general change in the regime from the current oppressive one to a more democratic one. The shared concern expressed in both articles is the necessity for reforms in the political system of Bahrain. The social upheavals in Bahrain are a result of a series of collective issues that have led the people to attempt change in power dynamics.

Major city recycling initiatives Essay Example for Free

Major city recycling initiatives assayThe population of the world continues to increase dramatically, further pushing the need for our world to adopt resource preservation as a way of life. Between 1950 and 2010, the U.S. population nearly doubled (conner) Recycling efforts must centre on water, energy, paper, metal, aluminum lots, glass, plastic, Styrofoam, steel, junk mail, garbage, tires, and even food. Although thither is no federal mandate for recycling, many states turn in passed lawfulnesss mandating that communities provide the facilities for people to recycle. Recycling efforts have taken hold in large cities. For example, recycling is the law in New York City. Resident, schools institutions, agencies, and all commercial businesses must recycle. All street evets,including block parties and street fairs, be required to recycle.Non-compliance with recycling regulations is punishable by fines starting at $25 and increasing to $500 for paraphrase violations (bloom 15 -20). Electronic waste is a growing problem for our technological world. Proper disposal of computer, monitors, televisions, cell phone, and separate techno-trash presents its own challenges. Conservative estimates put the number of obsolete electronics that are simply thrown away at over three billion units per year (chang 40-51). These electronic devices contain heavy metals and other toxins.Harmful toxins which, when released into the environment, can contaminate our water, land and air. Lead, mercury, and cadmium are large cities are working to address this global e-waste crisis caused by improper computer and electronic recycling. Cities all across the country have implemented recycling programs. Since there is no national law that mandates recycling, state and local governments set recycling laws. California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, and Vermont have passed laws that pay deposits and refunds on bottles and cans fo r beverages. Cities such as Seattle and New York impose fines for violating recycling laws. What canyou do to advance recycling in your community?Bibliographybloom, mike i., and rose w. arbole. new york gets serious abouts trash. municipal news 12-34.Print chang, arnold t. throing out the pc. new york cengage learning, n.d.Print conner, pot T. our population explosion. 0web28 may 2012 www.epa.gov.

Hp Compaq Merger Essay Example for Free

Hp Compaq Merger EssayThe worlds largest corporate Information Technology conjugation began in September 2001 when HP announced that they would acquire Compaq in an all stock purchase valued at $25 billion. Over an 8 month hitch terminationing in May 2002, the merger passed sh atomic number 18holder and regulatory approval with the end progeny organism one follow. The novel HP has yearbook sales of rough $90 billion which is comparable to IBM, and an direct income of al to a greater extent(prenominal) or less $4 billion. The merger was led by Carly Fiorina, the chairwoman and chief exe emergeive officer of HP. The pre human facent of the innovative HP was Michael Capellas who was the former chairman and CEO of the old HP and who has recently resigned and is now the CEO of World Com. Overall, umteen another(prenominal) analysts were critical of the merger from the beginning since both(prenominal) Compaq and HP were struggling companies before the merger. The common question that has been raised by analysts is Do two struggling companies make a better merged company? whatsoever analysts buzz off indicated that the merger is a gamble and that it is difficult to see any focused logic backside the merge considering that most I.T acquisitions are not successful.Prior to the merger, Compaq has been unable to grow de injure previously buy Digital, dapple HP was trying to grow internally, without much success. Both companies were belt up adjusting to acquisitions they have made in the past and both were adjusting to new leadership (Fiorina and Capellas). The merger deal besides means that there are many overlaps in products, technologies, distri stillion channels, services, facilities and jobs. Employee morale is a flagellum to a successful merger as there have been numerous layoffs -15,000 employees. The claimed annual cost thriftinesss of close to $2.5 billion dollars by the social class 2004 amounts to only 3 % of the combined be of bo th companies. Gartner Group research has indicated that the merged company has failed to do a good full job of presenting the benefits of an acquisition of this scale to justify the deals endangerment as it is generally known that engineering science mergers rarely work.In addition, both companies in the past have struggled to resolve conflicts between direct and indirect sales channels. The cultural background of both companies is quite different and integration ordain take a long time. The civilization at HP is based on consensus Compaqs culture on the other hand is based on rapid decision making. From a positive perspective, most botched tech mergers involved companies that were trying to buy their centering into new businesses they knew minuscular about, this is not the case with the HP/Compaq merger. Apart from servers and PCs, they have several areas where their products overlap e.g. they are both are involved in making data -storage equipment and both make hand held c omputing devices. In addition, both companies overly bring different strengths to the table.Compaq has done a better job in dissemble to engineering an entire pull and HP has been strong in consumer products. The justification provided by HP cured management suggests that a merger leave behind enable them to compete with two of their biggest competitors, IBM and Dell.In conclusion, it is viewed by many analysts that there will be at least 2 to a greater extent old age of bitter infighting which will cause the new HP to lose direction and good personnel. This is great news for competitors much(prenominal) as IBM and Sun as both of them will be able to pick off the market season the new HP is distracted by the merger. The new HP may be a threat to IBM but not anytime soon. It could take several forms to determine if the largest merger in I.T history will be a success or a complete flop.THE IT INDUSTRY PROFILEInformation technology (IT) is a broad field that covers all aspect s of managing and processing information. IT professionals design, develop, support, and manage computer software, hardware, and networks. From the exuberant offshoot of its advance(prenominal) years to the uncertainty of recent times, the IT constancy has stabilizedwith job growth rates now move steadilyand continues to change in order to meet the needs of the business world. While the wild optimism that border the IT patience a few years back has been deflated, the IT industry is adapting to a changing market. New developments much(prenominal) as creating infrastructure for mobile technologies will continue to ensure the vitality and viability of the industry. And as the industry responds to new business needs, it will continue to evolve into a mature profession, a profession versatile enough to adapt to new demands and stable enough to support new innovations and developments.In information technology (IT), India has strengthened up valuable brand equity in the global mar kets. In IT-enabled services (ITES), India has emerged as the most preferred destination for business process outsourcing (BPO), a key driver of growth for the software industry and the services sector. The IT industry is passing through a physique of mergers and consolidations in India largely in line with global trends. Companies are focusing on organic as well as inorganic growth. Indian IT companies are prowling for potential acquisitions both in the domestic as well as foreign markets. 3 Indian software companies TCS, Infosys, and Wipro have all crossed the billion dollar mark.Competition in the Indian IT arena is increasing leaps and bounds with global giants like IBM, Accenture, and CSC etc. Trends over the last five years tell the story of Dells increasing market share, at the cost of its competitors. This degree of emulation prompted amerger between HP and Compaq in 2001 IBM has refocused its priorities to lucrative corporate customers. In 2003, the PC industry grew 11 % as a whole. Despite differing focuses, all musicians saw an increased demand by consumers for new systems.INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY PROFILEHEWLETT PACKARDIn 1938, two electrical engineering graduates from Stanford University called William Hewlett and David Packard started their business in a garage in Palo Alto. In a years time, the partnership called Hewlett-Packard was made and by the year 1947 HP was incorporated. It began offering stocks for public trading 10 years later. The company has been prospering ever since as its cyberspace grew from five and half million dollars in 1951 to about 3 billion dollars in 1981. The pace of growth knew no bounds as HPs net revenue went up to 42 billion dollars in 1997. jump with manu eventuring audio oscillators, the company made its prototypical computer in the year 1966 and it was by 1972 that it introduced the concept of personalised computing by introducing the first scientific hand-held. HP introduced its first personal computer in the year 1980. The company is also known for the laser-printer which it introduced in the year 1985.HP Product Portfolio* Laptop/Notebooks* Palmtops/PDA* Printers and produce Consumables* Digicams* Scanners* Monitors* MainframesMajor Competitors* IBM Servers, PCs, Storage and IT services* Dell PCs* Canon Printers, Fax, Copiers and Optical Equipment* Compaq PCs, Servers and Pocket ComputersCOMPAQCompaq Computer Corporation is an American personal computer company foundedin the year 1982. It had the charm of creation called the largest manufacturers of personal computing devices worldwide. The company was formed by two senior managers at Texas Instruments. The name of the company had come from-Compatibility and Quality. The company introduced its first computer in the year 1983 after at a price of 2995 dollars. In spite of being portable, the problem with the computer was that it seemed to be a suitcase. Nevertheless, there were huge commercial benefits from the computer as it sell more than 53,000 units in the first year with a revenue generation of 111 million dollars. Company existed as an independent corporation until 2002, when it was acquired for $25 billion by Hewlett Packard.COMPAQ Product Portfolio* Enterprise Computing Group* Mainframes* Servers* Workstations* meshing products* Networking Products* Commercial Products* Portables* Small and Medium Business SolutionsMajor Competitors* IBM Servers, PCs, Storage and IT services* Sun Microsystems Servers* Dell PCs* HP PCs, IT Services and Pocket Computers* Palm Pocket ComputersPRE MERGER STATS FOR HP COMPAQRELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF HP AND COMPAQHP COMPAQ MERGERIf HP was progressing at such a tremendous pace, what was the reason thatthe company had to merge with Compaq? Carly Fiorina, who became the CEO of HP in the year 1999, had a key role to play in the merger that took put in on 3rd September, 2001. She was the first woman to have taken over as CEO of such a big company and the first o utsider too. She worked very efficiently as she travelled more than 250,000 miles in the first year as a CEO. Her basic aim was to modernize the culture of cognitive operation of HP. She laid great emphasis on the profitable sides of the business. This shows that she was very extravagant in her approach as a CEO. In spite of the growth in the market value of HPs share from 54.43 to 74.48 dollars, the company was still inefficient.This was because it could not meet the targets due to a failure of both company and industry. HP was laboured to cut down on jobs and also be eluded from the privilege of having Price Water House Coopers to take worry of its audit. So, even the job of Fiorina was under threat. This meant that improvement in the internal strategies of the company was not going to be sufficient for the companys success. Ultimately, the company had to certainly plan out something different.So, it was decided that the company would be acquiring Compaq in a stock transaction whose net worth was 25 billion dollars. Initially, this merger was not planned. It started with a telephonic conversation between CEO HP, Fiorina and Chairman and CEO Compaq, Capellas. The idea behind the conversation was to prove on a licensing agreement but it continued as a discussion on agonistical strategy and finally a merger. It took two months for further studies and by September, 2001, the boards of the two companies approved of the merger.In spite of the decision coming from the CEO of HP, the merger was strongly opposed in the company. The two CEOs believed that the only fashion to fight the growing emulation in terms of prices was to have a merger. But the investors and the other stakeholders purpose that the company would never be able to have the loyalty of the Compaq customers, if products are sold with an HP logotype on it. Other than this, there were questions on the synchronization of the organizations members with each other. This was because of the change i n the organization culture as well. Even though these were supposed to serious problems with respect to the merger, the CEO of HP, Fiorina justified the same with the fact that the merger would remove one serious competitor in the over-supplied PC market of those days. She saidthat the market share of the company is bound to increase with the merger and also the working unit would double.GROWING PROBLEMS AT HP* HP was not adapting to technological innovation fast enough* Margins were going down* IPG (HPs Imaging and Printing Group) was the leader in its market segment but did not rank anyplace among top 3 in servers, storage or services * Printing line was facing opposition from Lexmark and Epson which were exchange lower-quality inexpensive printers* Needed to build strong complementary business linesHPs office staff BEFORE MERGER* By 2001, as the industry stumbled, meeting growth targets became difficult for HP and it was forced to cut jobs and scrap plans* As a result HP stock price dropped drastically* bout the company around required more than just strategy from withinOBJECTIVES OF THE MERGER* change magnitude competition with major competitors i.e. IBM, Dell* Cut costs by $3 billion annually by 2004* Increase earnings for shareholders* Face the challenge of a shrinking marketEXPECTATIONS FROM THE MERGER OF HP AND COMPAQ* The merger of HP with Compaq will create superior customer value by expanding its product range and together HP and Compaq can focus on R D in a greater extend.* The second outstrip benefit that the merger will emerge is cost benefit by generating cost synergies reaching approximately $2.5 bn annually.* Drive a significantly improved cost structure, approximate assets of $56.4 billion, and annual revenues of $87.4 billion and annual direct earnings of $3.9 billion.* Adds up to world-class innovation and quality through the merger of two of the leading IT companies of the world.* large PC position resulting from the merger likely to increase risk and dilute shareholders interest.* Operations in more than 160 countries and over 1,45,000 employees.* Expand the numbers of the companys service professionals.* meliorates access to the market with Compaqs direct capableness and low cost structure.* Work force reduction by around 15,000 employees saving around $1.5 billion per year.* Improve HPs market share.KEY POINTS THAT ENCOURAGED THE MERGER conclusiveness* HPs failure to meet target (in spite of increased share value)* Merger as the way to fight the growing competition in terms of prices* Merger would eliminate one player in an oversupplied PC market* To compete with IBM and other companies* Reduce costs* 1990s IT recessionary phase* Merger expected to yield savings projected to reach $2.5bn annually by 2004* Advantage of more volume of sales* Development of direct distribution capability* Strengthen sales force* Improve customer baseADVANTAGES OF MERGERMerger would create a full-service technology firm c apable of doing everything from selling PCs and printers to setting up complex networks. Merger would eliminate redundant product groups and costs in marketing, advertising, and shipping, while at the same time preserving much of the two companies revenues.MARKET BENEFITS* Merger will creates immediate end to end leadership* Compaq was a clear No.2 in the PC business and stronger on the commercial side than HP, but HP was stronger on the consumer side. Together they would be No.1 in market share in 2001* The merger would also greatly expand the numbers of the companys service professionals. As a result, HP would have the largest market share in all hardware market segments and become the number 3 in market share in services* Improves access to the market with Compaqs direct capability and low cost structure* The much bigger company would have scale advantages gaining bargaining bureau with suppliers.OPERATIONAL BENEFITS* HP and Compaq have highly complementary RD capabilities* HP was strong in mid and high-end UNIX servers, a weakness for Compaq while Compaq was strong in low-end industry standard (Intel) servers, a weakness for HP* go across management has experience with complex organizational changes* Merger would result in work force reduction by around 15,000 employees saving around $1.5 billion per yearFINANCIAL BENEFITS* Merger will result in substantial increase in profit margin and liquidity* 2.5 billion is the estimated value of annual synergies* Provides the combined entity with better ability to reinvest Even though it seemed to be advantageous to very few population in the beginning, it was the strong determination of Fiorina that she was able to stand by her decision. Wall Street and all her investors had at peace(p) against the company lampooning her ideas with the saying that she has made 1+1=1.5 by her extravagant ways of expansion. Fiorina had put it this way that after the companys merger, not only would it have a larger share in the ma rket but also the units of production would double. This would mean that the company would grow tremendously in volume.Her dream of competing with the giants in the field, IBM would also come true. She was of the view that much of the redundancy in the two companies would decrease as the internal costs on promotion, marketing and shipping would come down with the merger. This would produce the slightest harm to the collection of revenue. She used the ideas of private-enterprise(a) positioning to justify her plans of the merger.She said that the merger is based on the ideologies of consolidation and not on diversification. She could also defend allegations against the change in the HP was. She was of the view that the HP has always encouraged changes as it is about innovating and taking bold steps. She said that the company requires being consistent with creativity, improvement and modification. This merger had the capability of providing only the same.

Alternative Assessment Essay Example for Free

endurance sound judgement EssayConsequently, judgment has alike underg maven a massive reform. This has led to a wider range of judgement at present than there was twenty-five years ago (Gipps, 1994). Evidence has sh receive that educational governing bodys have undergone appraisal reforms, which atomic mo 18 cooccurring with curriculum reforms (Nitko, 1995). A number of perspicacity methods have been applied in the Ghanaian educational system since the introduction of schooling in the country (MOE, 1987). The educational reform in Ghana began with the hope that erudition was to be to a greater extent than practical and examinations should be install on practical oriented move of study. What had emerged was that the cost and difficulties tough in assessing students practical educate and the unreliability of teachers sound judgement had resulted in a return to the status quo, that is indite and paper tests. Currently, Ghanaian teachers tend to manage student s understanding through pen-and-paper tests and exercises in class, and move through the syllabus and textbook with little or no attempt to use rising developmental strategies if students do not understand the material. The use of pen-and-paper tests has been used almost exclusively by schools to monitor students achievement.These tools have also predominate examination for the 1 professional certification of teacher and college admission. These strategies of assessing students have come under severe upbraiding by many educators (Wolf, 19891). The perception that much of what repulses tested is not relevant or has not been taught to students has been a source of concern to many educators and p bents. Such concerns have make educators direct their attention to a new approach to interrogatory variously advertd as action sagacity, authentic assessment, portfolio assessment, and selectionassessment (Winzer, 1992). The Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School mathematics (NCTM, 1989) call for signifi back tootht assortment in the way mathematics is taught. In conjunction with this demand for change in mathematics instruction, a change format for assessing students is pick uped. To document these new expressions of teaching and tuition, pick assessments have emerged as the vehicle by which students and teachers roll in the hay organise, manage and analyse life inside and outside the school.One of the most exciting and liberating things about the received interest in assessment is the recognition that numerous assessment tools ar available to schools, districts, and states that are growth new assessment systems. These tools range from standardized fixed-response tests to ersatzs such as performance assessment, exhibitions, portfolios, and observation scales. However, in Ghana, alternative assessment is relatively an unkn give birth concept and only few researches have been conducted in this area. Each character of assessment brings with it different strengths and weaknesses to the problem of fair and equitable assessment.Recognizing the complexity of understanding performance or achiever for individualists, it is virtually impossible that any single tool will 2 do the job of jolly assessing student performance. Instead, the National Center for research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (1996) suggests that an assessment system made up of multiple assessments (including norm-referenced or criterion-referenced assessments, alternative assessments, and classroom assessments) contribute produce comprehensive, credible, dependable culture upon which valuable decisions can be made about students, schools, districts, or states. Since the influence of testing on curriculum and instruction is now widely acknowledged, educators, politymakers, and others are turning to alternative assessment methods as a tool for educational reform. The movement away from traditional, multiplechoice tests to alternative asses sments, variously called authentic assessment or performance assessment, has let ind a wide variety of strategies such as open-ended distrusts, exhibits, demonstrations, hands-on execution of experiments, computer simulations, write in many disciplines, and portfolios of student work over time.These terms and assessment strategies have led the quest for more meaningful assessments which founder capture the significant outcomes we want students to achieve and better match the kinds of tasks which they will subscribe to accomplish in order to assure their future success. Billions of dollars are spent each year on education, yet there is widespread dissatisfaction with our educational system among educators, parents, policymakers, and the business community. Efforts to reform and restructure schools have centre attention on the role of assessment in school improvement.3.After years of increases in the metre of formalized testing and the consequences of poor test scores, many educ ators have begun to strongly criticize the measures used to monitor student performance and evaluate programs. They claim that traditional measures fail to assess significant learning outcomes and thereby undermine curriculum, instruction, and policy decisions. The way in which students are assessed fundamentally affects their learning. Good assessment invest is intentional to ensure that, in order to pass the mental faculty or programme, students have to demonstrate they have achieved the mean learning outcomes.To test a wide range of intended learning outcomes, diversity of assessment practice between and within different subjects is to be expected and welcomed, requiring and enabling students to demonstrate their capabilities and achievements within each module or programme. The aim of this paper is to provide a guide to the range of alternative assessment tools available, to treat the potential benefits and difficulties in using the approach and suggest a process for its us e. Alternative Assessment Alternative assessment is a generic term referring to the new forms of assessment (Winzer, 1992).It includes a variety of instruments that can be adapted to varying situations. The teacher and the students can collaboratively decide which procedures are to be used for assessment (Huerta Macias 1995). single students are also often granted the responsibility of selecting specific products of their work on which they will be assessed. It provides the students with the opportunity to reflect on his/her learning 4 experience, pointing out what he/she understands, and the factors that contribute to his/her lack of understanding.The main(prenominal) goal of alternative assessment is to gather evidence about how students are approaching, processing, and completing real-life tasks in a particular domain (Garcia and Pearson, 1994). Alternative assessment may include interviews with students, diary writing by students, ontogeny portfolios of students work and writing of reflections. Also, students are encouraged to enlist in small co-operative gathering learning and may be assessed individually and jointly.Alternative assessment, most importantly, provides alternative to traditional assessment in that it i. ii.does not move into on regular classroom activities provides multiple indices that can be used to gauge students kick upstairs and iii. provides information on the strengths and weaknesses of each individual student (Huerta-Macias, 1995 p. 9)One of the major advantages of alternative assessment as a tool for assessing students is that it empowers students to rick partners and decision makers in their learning (Smolen et al 1995). Curran (1997) in his study with middle take educators found that alternative assessment is most valuable for students involvement in metacognitive learning.Vlaskamp (1995) found that alternative assessment processes engage students to become active in learning. The processes offer them opportunities f or reflection and to be thoughtful respondents and judges of their own learning. Lee (1996) 5 found that the real value of alternative assessment is an information source for teachers and a learning tool for the students. Alternative assessment includes a variety of instruments that can be adapted to varying situations.These instruments include the use of checklist of students behaviour or product, journals, reading log, videos of role plays, audio tape of discussions, self evaluation, questionnaire, work samples and teacher observation of anecdotal ushers (Huerta-Macias, 1995, p. 12). According to her, the teacher or instructor and students can collaboratively decide which procedures are to be used for assessment in a given class. Individual students are also given the responsibility of selecting specific products of their work on which they will be assessed.Portfolio Assessment The concept of portfolio assessment comes from the arena of fine arts in which portfolios are used to demonstrate the depth and breath of an artists talents and capabilities. A portfolio is a systematic, well organised collection of evidence used to monitor the growth of a students knowledge, skills and attitudes (Bonnestetter, 1994). It is a purposeful collection of students work that exhibits to the students and others the students efforts, progress or achievement in (a) given area(s) (Reckase 1995). This collection according to them should include ?Student participation in selection of portfolio contents ? The criteria for selection, and evidence of student self-reflection (p. 12) To fulfil the purpose of portfolio assessment as a methodology based on multiple measures and high content validity, the portfolio is to be composed of materials that 6 should be selected jointly by the student and the teacher to reflect the students work over the entire schooling period. activities. To help the students select materials for the portfolio, a set of guidelines should be made available to the students.The guidelines include how the content of the All work are to be taken directly from the classroom portfolio is to be selected and the criteria that would be used to assess the portfolios. The contents of the students portfolios are to include the following i. ii. iii. iv. individual assignments (homework and tests) group assignments self reflection on each selected student or group work group reflection on group work. The reflections are to indicate evidence of learning mathematics in the school, what they know and can do.They are also to explain what they have understood and the action that contributes to their understanding. They are to identify what they still do not understand and explain the cause of their lack of understanding and what they can do to change the situation. diary A journal is a daily or each week record of occurrences, experiences or observations (Berenson and Carter, 1995). Journal writing by students can be used to record the daily and weekly mathematics learning experiences and the attitude of students towards mathematics.The journal can be used to keep track of the students progress inmathematics and to gain insight into the understanding and misunderstanding of the 7 student. The journal can also be used to document the students attitudinal changes during the project. Students are asked to write three sets of journals in each semester (term). The first one is to be written during the first week of the semester (term), the second in the fourth week and the third journal in the last week of the semester (term). At the beginning of the semester(term), the students should be asked to write journals to indicate their previous and rate of flow feelings about mathematics.They are also to assess their strengths and weaknesses in mathematics, pointing out the factors that contributed to their failure or success and describe what they need to do. During the fourth week of the semester, the students would be asked again to writ e journals to identify ideas they understood easily during discussions with the teacher or their colleagues, and then explain why it was easy for them to understand such ideas. They are to identify ideas, which are still difficult for them to understand, and explain why they thnk they are having such difficulties in comprehending these ideas.They are to comment on a homework or class test they did, and explain why they thought they did well or did not do well. They are to identify aspects of their work that needed improvement. They are also to explain what they knowledgeable from doing homework or taking a test and state what they would do differently if they are to do the homework or take the test again. During the last week of the semester(term), students are to write another journal. They should be asked to express their feelings of the test, classwork, homework etc, and their feeling about mathematics.They are to state whether there is any improvement in 8 their learning or und erstanding of mathematics, and identify things, which contribute to their understanding or lack of understanding. Journal writing can be used as means of regularly waying on course progress and possible modifications. The journals are the first step in placing the responsibility for learning with the students. Research had found that the journal was an important diagnostic tool in three important ways. First, as a writing sample, it provided information about students strengths and weaknesses in mathematics.Second, the journals gave an indication of how the students perceived themselves, and finally, the journals revealed students perceptions of the mathematics learning process. The journal the students write will help teachers to know early in the course how students perceived themselves as mathematics learners and how they understood the learning process entailed. Whenever their work was seen, evaluations were made which either corroborated their assessment or highlighted their m isconceptions. With this information, the students will be helped to become better more efficient learners.When misconceptions are discovered, students will be helped to establish realistic expectations about what mathematics skills they need to achieve their goals. In fact, the first journal they write is an important point of reference when working with individual students and helping them to identify their objectives during the learning process. Research findings show that journal writing provides the opportunities for the students to reflect on the learning process, and to develop new learning skills. These opportunities will help the students to identify differences between their school experiences and those they are encountering at college.9 Challenges Testing for accountability purpose is essentially large scale testing and for this reason it relies on tests that are relatively cheap, brief, offer broad but shallow coverage, are easy to score and true(p) (Gipps, 1994). Alter native assessment by contrast is time go through, tends to provide detailed multi- dimensional information about a particular skill or area (and because of time factor, depth may be exchanged for breadth), leveling is generally complex and usually involves the classroom teacher Standardisation of the performance is not possible and whence reliability in the traditional sense is not high (Mehrens, 1992).However, alternative assessment in general, has become the cornerstone of educational reform movement. The arguments for using these forms of assessment to support instructional practice are that (i) they engage students in tasks that are more comprehensive and consistent with the goals of a discipline or resonant with the craved outcomes of educational process (ii) they provide detailed evidence about students thinking that enables more specific instructional decision making and (iii) they encourage students to take active role in their own assessment enabling a sharing responsibil ity for learning (LeMahieu, et.al. 1995, p11)Many educators are of the view that alternative assessment must be held to the same stringent standard of reliability, validity and objectivity as those achieved by standardised norm referenced assessment, if it is to provide credible and legally defensible measure of learning and performance (Linn and Burtin, 1994). 10 Objections to alternative assessment are often voiced in terms of validity, reliability and objectivity. Questions that focus around these issues are i. ii. iii. Does the instrument measure what it is supposed to measure? Is the instrument consistent in its beat?Is the instrument unbiased? (Garcia and Pearson, 1994). Alternative assessment represents the best of worlds in that it looks at actual performance on real life tasks, such as writing, self-editing, reading, participation in collaborative work, and doing a demonstration in front of a group. These procedures are in themselves valid (Garcia and Pearson, 1994). As r egards reliability of alternative assessment, Huerta Macias (1955), mentions triangulation as a means of ensuring reliability in a qualitative research. In qualitative research, triangulation refers to the combination of methodologies to strengthen a study design.When applied to alternative assessment, triangulation refers to the collection of data/information from three difference sources/perspectives teacher, student, and parent. On the question of objectivity of alternative assessment, research findings show that, standardised tests merely represent agreement among a number of people on scoring procedures, format or content. These individuals are not objective they just together with shared the same biases. In this regard, Huerta Marcias (1995) says that standardised test is not more objective than an alternative assessment.former(a) challenges of alternative assessment have to do with curriculum and instructional practice. Torrance (1993) reviewed the impact alternative asse ssment has on curricular and instructional practice in the context of the National Assessment in England and Wales. Among the concerns raise were extortionate demands on teachers, adding up 11 to two to three hours of extra work daily. Teachers also reported dissatisfaction with managing assessment interactions with small groups of students while trying to maintain the focus of all students.Torrance (1993) concluded that teachers treated assessment as a special activity set apart from teaching, and they felt obliged to do this by the book of instructions they received, a vision at odds with the integrated assessment and instruction offered by alternative assessment advocates. The question of relative practicality of alternative and traditional assessment in terms of time consumption has been raised by many authors (Linn, 1993 Gipps 1994). Research results indicate that alternative assessment is not more time consuming than traditional assessment on the part of the students.Researc h has shown that students can cope with the time demands of the alternative assessment(Eshun Abledu, 2000). educational Implications and Recommendations The following educational implications and recommendations are made for improving the academic performance and enhancing positive attitude of students in mathematics i. Through alternative assessment processes, the teacher is given the opportunity to know from the students journals and portfolios the positive and negatively charged points of his teaching process and work out strategies for his subsequent teaching. ii.Alternative assessment processes offer a dislodge for the development of better student- student and student-teacher relationship. During their group work and discussions of their journals with the teacher a friendly climate is generated which helps them to get to know one another better. 12 iii. With alternative assessment the teacher is given a chance to break the everyday monotonous teaching routine. Activities a re organised for the students that create a pleasant and make atmosphere in the classroom, which revives the interest of the pupils for the subject.iv. Alternative assessment processes lead to discovery learning and planning. Thus, it is valuable for increase and maintaining the efficiency of the skills and concepts that the students learn. However, it makes heavy demands on the teacher to plan activities for the students. v. Students who have language problems will be noncompliant to communicate in writing with the teacher. Teachers who use alternative assessment processes should rely more on oral interview than the writing of journal. vi.The positive benefits of alternative assessment lie not only in its execution but also in the teachers ability to extend and enrich the curriculum through the activities he/she arranges for the students. essential planning and understanding of the skills students must develop are prerequisite to successful implementation of alternative assessme nt processes.Teachers must be trained to live up to the task. It is recommended therefore that pre-service teachers be introduced to the alternative assessment processes. In-service and founding courses on alternative assessment can be organised for teachers who are already teaching.This training is worthwhile since teachers will have the means to bring about higher(prenominal) achievement in mathematics and higher attitudinal changes in female pre-service teachers towards mathematics. 13 vii. Teachers need to provide many opportunities for students to explore and reflect on numerical concepts. Having students talk and write about mathematical concepts and how these ideas are applied in various problems situation can strengthen their understanding and provide valuable information to the teachers.It is therefore recommended that mathematics concepts be presented to students through the alternative assessment processes. This will then enhance the current programme of promoting the in terest of girls in Science, Technology and math Education (STME). viii. To evaluate our programmes and the progress students are making, me must look beyond the current traditional assessment alone, and find better ways of assessing students creativity, ability, and sensitivity in mathematics. The point is, continuous assessment ought to provide a more comprehensive view of pupils all-round performance.The Ministry of Education (MOE), the Ghana Education Service (GES) and other policy makers on education must adopt alternative assessment to improve female students performance and attitudes in mathematics. Conclusion Knowing mathematics is doing mathematics. We need to create situations where students can be active, creative, and responsive to the physical world. I believe that to learn mathematics, students must construct it for themselves.They can only do that by exploring, justifying, representing, discussing, using, describing, investigating, 14predicting, in short by being acti ve in the world. Alternative assessment is an ideal activity for such processes. Reference Brady, R. (1991). A Close Look at Student Problem Solving and the Teaching of Mathematics Predicaments and Possibilities.School Social Science and Mathematics. 91(4), 144-150. Eshun B. A and Abledu, G. K. (2001) The Effects of Alternative Assessment on the Attitudes and Achievement in Mathematics of Female Pre-service Teachers. African Journal of educational Studies. Vol. 1. p. 21-30 Garcia, G. E. Pearson, P. D. (1994). Assessment and Diversity.In L. Darling Hammond (Ed. ) Review of Research Education . 337-391. Huerta Macias, A. (1995). Alternative Assessment Responses to Commonly asked Questions. TESOL Journal. 5 (1) 8-11. Smolen, L. et. al. (1995). Developing Student Self-Assessment strategies. TESOL Journal. Vol. 5(1) 22 27. Gipps, C. V. (1994). Beyond testing Towards a theory of educational assessment. The Falmer Press, London. Lee, T. W. (1996). Mathematics portfolios. NCTMs goals an d students perceptions. A complex analysis. Abstract International 57 (6). Vlaskamp, D. C. (1995).Encouragement of Student Learning through a Portfolio Process. Dissertation Abstract International. 55(1). Mehren, W. A (1992). Using performance assessment for accountability Purposes. Educational Measurement Issues and Practice. 11, (1), 3-9. 15 Linn, R. L. Burton, E. (1994). Performance Based Assessment Implications of Task Specificity. Educational Measurement Issues and Practice. 13 (1) 5-8. Torrance, H. (1993). Combining measurement driven instruction with authentic assessment Some sign observations. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis,15, 18-90. 16.

Technology is important for us Essay Example for Free

engineering is important for us EssayImagine yourself a humans without the existence of the word engineering? How does that world look like? For me its a world without ontogenesis and creativity, a place where everyone is closed minded. Like the cavemen where we once was in the Stone age, but this time infinitely.Technology is something very important for our society and mankind. It gives us hopes and dreams to reach out for. Furthermore, it improves our lives by making it more easier and better. For example, simulate a look around you, the watch, the laptop, the TV and even the chair. Almost everything you see is the track of technology and provoke you ever imagined you life without those stuff? A good tips is by sitting on a scar an hour in the woods without bringing anything with you. After that you result surely realize how important technology really is.Personally, technology is something I really love and I have been a dreaming closely creating a new technology mys elf. A Time-machine or something unimaginable that will change this world, in a positive way of course. However, a technology is not always something positive. Clearly, weapons and bombs that is apply for war and hurting another(prenominal) people.So can we live without technologies? If the technology stops to evolves or improves, the time will also stops. We will lose our creativity and everything we create or produce will look the same. However that will neer ever happen, because we humans are curios creature. We like to explore things and make things easier for us. Consequently, it keeps the technology in track and go forwards.To summarize, technology is something important for us and our world. We can survive without it but the world would not be as fun and easy as today. Even though some evil people use technology in bad ways like starting wars. Technology can still be used to stop wars and connect people by helping each other. For example the internet which keeps us in touc h with each other even though we are miles away.

How to Redesign a Classroom to Optimize Learning Experience Essay Example for Free

How to Redesign a Classroom to Optimize Learning get laid EssayThe overall learning goal for us students is to grasp what the instructor teaches in class and turn over extra experienceledge and abilities through class discussion and interaction. To that end, its best to study in an optimal learning environment, so as to keep focused in class and avoid distraction from externals. We collapse for the service our learning experience, hoping to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of this kind of service. An optimal learning environment is dear to building a cohesive team in which members could communicate with each opposite, and to encouraging interactions among all the students and the professor. with observation of major students behaviors, I get a line that the current physical environment in our schoolroom was just slightly defective. The following key points ar summarized as major gaps or pitfalls in the current environment. Late Arrivals I find that most of the students arrive in the classroom ahead of or on time. However, some may be late and walk in across the stage, then distracting others attention in class. Un lucky Chairs The pad on each seat can make annoying noise when we blossom forth it. This will distract other students attention, especially those who sit near the moving pads.Various Seating Preferences students are seated randomly, most of students like to seat in the front row, and the outer of rows, deviation some seat in the middle empty, so the best capacity in the room isnt fully utilized. haphazard seating also exits in inconvenience for some group members to sit together. Inconvenient Seating order the space between rows is narrow, so its not convenient for students to walk through and its forever noisy to move the small pads connected to the seats. Moreover, its such a long row that it would be inconvenient and a waste of time to walk through one(a) side to the middle or the other end.Less Efficient Equip ment Blackboard and Projector For those seating in the side areas and in the rear, the visibility of the projector isnt so good. Similarly, when the professor writes on one side of the blackboard, those who seat in the other side project difficulty in reading the script. Dim Lighting the escapeing in the classroom is a shortsighted dark that its golden for us to fall asleep. The arrangement of lights in the roof isnt so rational that sometimes we cant see the blackboards because of light reflecting.Insufficient Ventilation The windows in the guts are closed all the time and the air conditioning always creates an environment that is too cutting or hot and dry. Students usually dont spirit very comfortable when thitherre too many students in the classroom. Difficult Access to the Classroom More often, only one entry is open to the classroom, thus restricting students access to the classroom to only one way. Those who cant find a seat near the door can only go the other side, and this would distract others attention.Besides, once the door is locked, the students cant open it from outside, requiring service from those in the classroom. The above-mentioned points about the seating and facilities in the classroom would present unfavorable impacts on our learning experience. So a new-fangled layout of the classroom is required to help enhance our learning environment. Here I categorize the objectives into four points as the conceptual design principles. * To make full use of the 75 minutes in class, which means in that respects no or little disruption during class. * Perfect seating arrangement to facilitate easy access and smooth movement.* Minimum discipline required relating to seating arrangement so that everyone will feel comfortable when in class. * Make facilities, such as blackboard and projector, lighting, acoustics, and walls, conducive to learning experience. (b) What specific melioration would your proposed redesign help accomplish? Generall y speaking, students will learn best in a clean, comfortable, and restrained environment where there are no external disruptions and noises. So we shoot a positive classroom climate to allow us to meet the basic needs of physical and mental health.The following school term is about the recommendations I make to help alleviate the gaps and thus enhance the learning experience. Physically lucky Chairs We could improve the quality of the chairs by signing contracts with those chair-makers who could provide user-friendly chairs. That is to say, the activity space for writing and put stuffs would be larger, and its best for the chairs to be soundless when we unfold the pads with them. Easy Access Seating Arrangements I will redesign the current layout of the seats by dividing all these seats into four columns and four rows. in that location could be four seats per column for the middle ii columns, and the other two sides columns could have fivesome or six seats each. The distance between each row could be larger so as to allow sufficient space for individuals to learn. This kind of design could enable students to access to the seats comfortably without disturbing others much. The professor could also make minimum requirements that those who come early seat in the middle, thus those who are late for class could seat in the sided columns without distracting others. More valuablely, since a team is usually peaceful of four persons, its also convenient for groups to sit together.Additionally, in this way, students will seat together more compactly, facilitating discussion among teachers and students. Larger Projector Screen and High-tech Handwriting It would be best to widen the projector screen in this rectangular room. As I mentioned above, for those seat in the sides and rear, its hard to recognize some important contents in the slides projected on the screen (e. g. numbers, charts). Enlarging the projector screen would surely enhance the visibility of pr ojector and and so improve our learning experience. Meanwhile, I noticed that sometimes the handwriting of the professor is hard to read.And those sitting away couldnt see the notes in the blackboard clearly. So I recommend that the professor use high technology product such as the pad or IBMs tablet-based pen, by which the professor could write on the screen of the laptop and it could then be projected in the blackboard screen. With enlarged screen, the visibility of handwriting could also be enhanced. B make up Lighting and Audiovisual Scenario We need to add more electrical lights in our classroom and rearrange the light distribution. However, the lights couldnt be too bright to harm the eyes and result in reflecting.More importantly, we need to consider the illuminance levels according to daylight, glaring and uniformity. Another thing we need to take into account is the lighting requirements for video images. So its best for us to have two distinctly lighting setups a bright classroom with appropriate illuminance throughout the classroom, and an audiovisual scenario that limits light on the screen to a suitable level when we see vedios in class. Warm Color of walls Choosing the right color for classroom walls is conducive to learning experience.The right pain color of the wall can transfigure a distracted environment into a focused space. White is a traditional color, but it could cave the learning environment of the classroom. It reflects most of the lights that hits it, and could be harsh and exhaust our eyes. While taupe and cream colorise of wall would be warmer, and could help students more focused. Evidence also shows that warm colors such as taupe and cream can stimulate creativity. Using different colors on the wall where therere some facilities so as to remind the professor and students of the purpose of them.For example, the background color of the walls on which there are hangers could be light blue or purple, colors which can also help y ou relaxed and calmed. Optimized Ventilation The method of distributing outdoor air in classroom has a positive impact on indoor air quality and thermal comfort of students. So it would be better if students could open the windows in the back wall when the class is finished. And students who come for the next class could close the windows before class, letting clean air come in for 15-20 minutes.Moreover, Its best to leave the two doors to the classroom open. On the one hand, it could expedite the flow rate of air and enhance the ventilation and exchange effectiveness. On the other hand, leaving two doors open would facilitate those late arrivals to find seats in the sides, so that they dont need to go straightly in front of the teacher, thus diminishing distraction. External Diminished Noise and astonishment Since the walls in the classroom are already sound proof, we dont need to worry about the noise from outside.The major noise created by late arrivals to move through seats co uld be turn to through the new layout of seats and improved seat quality. Hence, students would be more focused in class. break up Environment and Safety Facilities Basically, a clean environment in the classroom is a must for students to dispatch the best learning experience. Students should be required to take with them the trashes after class, and the cleaners also need to billow the classrooms more frequently. Furthermore, Its best to check the safety facilities in the classroom such as the notify alarm on a regular basis, say, twice a month.Because students will be relieved when they know they are learning in a safe place. In sum, the above-mentioned rearrangements are all considered to be physically, emotionally and academically favorable to the learning experience in this classroom. Once students are physically comfortable with the environment they are in, they will be emotionally focused on what they are learning and talking. Moreover, the academically improved learning equipment could maximize the learning experience the students would go through.

Analyse and compare the following two texts Essay Example for Free

Analyse and compare the following 2 texts bear witnessDiscuss the similarities and differences between the texts and their theme(s). Include comments on the ways the seeds use elements such as structure, t maven, chassiss, and other stylic devices to hap their puposes.Death as the permanent ending of all(a) life in a person has been interact as an enigmatic subject. As birth is marked by engaging pleasure, demolition sometimes is each celebrated as the beginning of a new life, or all the contrary, is commemorated with condolence and distressingness. Through life, death is a monotonous experience that we live every day, and as a result, literature could not draw and quarter it away as an invisible theme.Instead many pieces of literature give up been fantasized by the theme of death, in which they accentuate to discover new meanings and learn to give it new boundaries. These two texts, No one wore dark (Daily Mirror, Saturday, August 12, 1995) and the fragment taken from The Orton Diaries (edited by John Lahr, 1986.) are exercises of how literates affirm been attracted and involved by the enchants of this phenomenon. These two text with a common theme, death and its celebration as a funeral, share many similarities and concurrently are allotted as separate individuals.The structure of the two texts is crucial, no and to the effect that is produced, notwithstanding also, by the tone that both the authors are trying to generate. Firstly, in No one wore black, the interrelation of all the parts as a whole are dealt in a risquely rhetorical manner. Although the texts seat is to function as a descriptive journalistic report, the author writes in such way that it seems to be a danceableal com smear, sometimes rhymed, expressing experiences, ideas, or emotions in concentrated imaginative and powerful style than that of disseminating news. He strictly structures it in a poetic form in which paragraphs are much like verses since they only are composed by one sentence each.It is separated into individuals segments yielding a more rhythmic flow through the text and creating a more strait forward statements. Meanwhile, the other text is unionised in a prosaic way with a much more ordinary form of scripted language lacking rhyme or meter. It certainly lacks sensibility of eloquence. However, the sentences here are similarly logical in a short manner. The text contain short sentences that are direct, straight and not interrupted. For example, in cablegram 3 and line 5 I couldnt get flowers and the funeral is at ten express a simple idea. Likewise, just as in the basic text were the author introduces it with The fryren were in sneakers and carried daisies.The manner of writing, in these two texts, that show a certain attitude on the writers, consisting in the choice of words and the phrasing, is totally unparallel the subject of death is addressed in different ways. First in No one wore black the authors tone in certai n cases is very optimistic, while in others, is tragic and dramatic. As it was mentioned before, the position that the author takes is that of a funeral to be a celebration of the child who had danced and laughed and loved (line 4-6). He even describes that the run of service was printed in purple and decorated with butterflies and flowers creating an atmosphere of great beauty conditioned with perfect satisfaction, gratification and delight. It john also be appreciated when there is an allusion to enlightenment along the village lanes where the curly-haired child should have been learning to ride her bike. Through the sundrenched tends where she should have shouting and laughing with her friends. (line 30-36).The reference to promised land made here suggest a continuity of Sophies life after death, nevertheless, it is also increases the tragic mood, since it is describe as the interject of how it should have been and how the child should had enjoyed her life. Moreover, the na rrative doesnt stop to characterize more the suffering and great undergoing of pain, and its best described in when its said, But Sophie had been cruelly snatched from among them and there was no escaping the grim reminder of the bell. (line 15-18). Simultaneously, the author doest abandon totally his descriptive and factual writing when he firmly reveals that Sophiewas found strangles at Llandudno, North Wales, 13 days ago after disappearing from the tent in her uncles garden (line 41-44), with a more porcine and insipid language. However, the authors tone doesnt give up his tendency to take the most hopeful and cheerful vox populi of matters and retakes the optimistic tone by saying Heaven must have been missing an angel (line 71-72).As for the other passing play, the tone here is a monotonous pessimistic, with a tendency of sentimental carelessness. We are first introduced into a normal and a routine situation, just descriptive without any sensation or leaden thought I made a cup of tea and shaved. Then I went out to try and buy some flowers. I had no intention of getting a wreath (line 1-2). It is the equivalent with the prefrontal described anterior, where it is also introduced with a very simple sentences, The children were in sneakers and carried daisies (line 1-2), expressing no emotion, or at least(prenominal) is not known until the reader doesnt continue to read the passage. As the second text continues, the author achieves a fatalistic tone were he sarcastically expresses Actually when I read the dreadful, sickening wording on the other wreaths To a dear Mum. At peace at at long last with little Tony (line 5-6).At the same time, later on in the passage the sarcastic and superficial tone is taken by the author again My Aunt Lucy was upset because strict protocol wasnt observed. Theyre all walking all wrong. This phrase clear attains the reader to categorize the theme of death under a celebration that is institutionalized by the high social class. On the other hand, there is a piece of this fragment that can be compared attitude by side with the first text where the author states the womans last wish by saying Her last wish was to be buried with Tony, my nephew who was drowned, aged seven, eighteen months ago (line 23-25). The description of Tonys death is similarly a factual description of a crude reality, just as the one made in line 45 to line 48 in the first text, where the death of the child is delineated.The two authors to communicate their purposes, they make use of various images. In the first text, the first image made is to daisies, wild flowers, which relate to the paradise image made later on, where the author creates this utopist atmosphere for the girl and mentions, Through the sundrenched gardens where she should have been (line 33-34). other image that creates the dramatic and tragic mood is the use of the bell. Through the first sentences of the text the author verbalisedly creates a feeling of opti mism by describing the funeral as a celebration, but he then roughly introduces the feeling of pain and remembrance of grief when he states And all the while, the terrible bell tolled (line 10-11) and continuing One low note, cabalistic and soft like sadness one higher note, acrimonious and sharp like pain (line 22-24).Simultaneously, in the second text there is another image made with flowers, since usually in funerals flower correct revival and are used to decorate or lighten up the dull atmosphere. However, in this passage the lack of flowers at the beginning of the passage emphasizes the environment of grief. Also in this passage the image of paradise is made when it said Several women were at their garden gates as the cortge passed (line 16-17). The image of garden reminds us the garden of Eden, and the gate refers to the doors of heaven. It clearly explains how this woman is passing from one life to the next one.Another way which the writers communicates with the reader is by the use of stylistic devices. The use of these figures of speech are essential more in the first text than the second, since the in No one wore black is written in a more poetic way. To begin with, the author creates rhythm by the use of alliteration and repetition the child who had danced, and laughed and loved (line 5-6) or in soft like sadness harsh and sharp (line 22-24). A but device of rythm is the triple effect that the author produces when he lists word in group of threes again in line 5 to 6 danced, laughed, loved and also when he describes how the family had dressed, in bright yellow and vacuous and red (line 8-9).There is also a slight use of smiles in which one thing is likened to another, for example when the author says So they came dressed as if for a family picnic (line 7-8) and again in line 22 to 24 One low note, deep and soft like sadness one higher note, harsh and sharp like pain. In the other hand, the second passage is not surrounded by stylistic devices, better, the author decides to make his language simple and descriptive. The only element that sometimes is also used in poetry is the overuse of adjectives. For example here the author uses adjectives to make the scene much more explicit I read the dreadful, sickening wording (line 5) or very young and hearty (line 21).Seen through comparability and contrast, it can be said that death is given a new way of delimitation. Firstly because, the authors have a totally different attitudes to this phenomenon. On strictly denotes it as a celebration, while the other describes it as an institutionalized ceremony, in which is not the feelings of grief, suffering, pain or even happiness in some cases, is included. By this commentary describing the ways in which both the authors use elements such as structure, tone, images and stylistic devices, the reader can get a better approach of the theme, and at the same time find the purposes which the writers are try to communicate. As for this theme, related to death and its commemoration, it clearly shows how this mystery has been set up with new boundaries in the inwardness of its discovery.